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Obsidian is a natural glass that was originally molten magma associated with a volcano. The various colors of obsidian are a result of several factors. Clear varieties of obsidian contain very few opaque impurities or microscopic mineral crystals. Red or brown obsidian generally results from tiny crystals or inclusions of hematite or limonite (iron oxide). Microscopic mineral crystals like magnetite, hornblende, pyroxene, plagioclase and biotite likely produce jet-black obsidian, while various types of felspars yield the unique blue, green, purple or bronze colors associated with rainbow obsidian.
Obsidian breaks with a characteristic “conchoidal” fracture. The intersection of these smooth, curved type of fracture surfaces can be sharper than a razor, an obvious advantage to our stone-age ancestors. Therefore, care must be taken when handling obsidian knives and arrowheads, as injuries can occur, and adult supervision is recommended when children are present.
Stones such as flint and jasper, as well as thick man-made glass also breaks with a “conchoidal” fracture and can be knapped into blades by skilled craftsmen, as is seen with our Jasper and Art Glass knives.
These blades and arrowheads are crafted by hand, through careful, deliberate application of pressure. Our knappers have extensive experience and are highly skilled. The blades are then hafted into natural wood, antler, or animal horn handles, often secured with epoxy and artificial sinew. The hafting is frequently done by others who are skilled in carving or beading adding to the beauty of the finished knife. Whenever possible, we identify both the knapper and hafter of our knives as we view both as skilled artisans. Each knife is a unique combination of fine craftsmanship and Mother Nature.
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